MOBILE BELT CONVEYOR

 Question

To design a flat belt conveyor to transfer roof tile of a single storey house. Your design criteria should be as follows:

• Motor selection – electrically / engine operated
• Belt length, width, thickness
• Pulley and shaft sizes
• Gear reduction / transfer gear box
• Angle of inclination of your belt line
• V belt for pulley
• A mobile belt design with stands
• You determine the height of system
• Raise / lower using power screw or gear (if any)

Introduction

Belt conveyor is rubber or textile structure with a belt shape closed ring. It is with vulcanized or metallic joint, used for material transportation. Belt conveyors are usually most used for transportation of solid objects and bulk materials at great speed with great distances. In my survey, mobile belt conveyor is one of the best material handling solutions for stacking any kind of bulk material when various materials has to be handled in various locations.

• High Capacity loading hopper;
• Fully tracked for on-site mobility;
• High capacity stockpile volume;
• Radial movement for bigger stock capacity;
• Remote control;
• Hopper capacity up to 10m3;
• Tracks with rubber shoes;
• ATEX zone electric equipment

Furthermore, the radial mobile belt conveyor is one of the most cost efficient and effective ways of material stockpiling. It is so mobile that it can be shifted anywhere with minimum effort.

Calculations

Design

BUCKET ELEVATOR

Question

To design a bucket elevator for transporting raw material to a storage silo/garbage bin with design specifications given below: 

Material to be transported: Any brittle raw material

• Intake point hopper on ground floor
• Exit/discharge point to storage/silo
• Height of bucket elevator: 30 m
• Intake hopper size with 3 m2 capacity
• Storage silo/oil 10 m tong (20000 kg)

Your design data require the followings

1. Motor selection (electrically a parted)
2. Bucket size with rivet position
3. Chain / sprocket size and speed
4. Motor – coupling – gear (if any)
5. Other components as in your EPT 315

Introduction

A bucket elevator, also called a grain leg, is a mechanism for hauling flow-able bulk materials (most often grain or fertilizer) vertically. It consists of buckets to contain the material, a belt to carry the buckets and transmit the pull, means to drive the belt, accessories for loading the buckets or picking up the material, for receiving the discharged material, for maintaining the belt tension and for enclosing and protecting the elevator. A bucket elevator can elevate a variety of bulk materials from light to

heavy and from fine to large lumps. 

    A centrifugal discharge elevator may be vertical or inclined. Vertical elevators depend entirely on the action of centrifugal force to get the material into the discharge chute and must be run at speeds relatively high. Inclined elevators with buckets spaced apart or set close together may have the discharge chute set partly under the head pulley. Since they don't depend entirely on the centrifugal force to put the material into the chute, the speed may be relatively lower. Nearly all centrifugal discharge elevators have spaced buckets with rounded bottoms. They pick up their load from a boot, a pit, or a pile of material at the foot pulley.

    The buckets can be also triangular in cross section and set close to on the belt with little or no clearance between them. This is a continuous bucket elevator. Its main use is to carry difficult materials at slow speed. Early bucket elevators used a flat chain with small, steel buckets attached every few inches. While some elevators still are manufactured with a chain and steel buckets, most current bucket elevator construction uses a rubber belt with plastic buckets. Pulleys several feet in diameter are used at the top and bottom. The top pulley is driven by an electric motor.

    The bucket elevator is the enabling technology that permitted the construction of grain elevators. A diverter at the top of the elevator allows the grain to be sent to the chosen bin. A similar device with flat steps is occasionally used as an elevator for humans. For example is for employees in parking garages. This sort of elevator is generally considered too dangerous to allow use by the public.

Calculations

Design

SUSTAINABILITY IN TWO HOLES PUNCHER

Introduction

Sustainability is a broad discipline, giving students and graduates insights into most aspects of the human world from business to technology to environment and the social sciences. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The ability to sustain something for an indefinite period of time, without depleting the resources used to sustain it, and such that it does not damage the surroundings (environment) in which it resides. The definition of “sustainability” is the study of how natural systems function, remain diverse and produce everything it needs for the ecology to remain in balance. It also acknowledges that human civilization takes resources to sustain our modern way of life. There are countless examples throughout human history where a civilization has damaged its own environment and seriously affected its own survival chances. Sustainability takes into account how we might live in harmony with the natural world around us, protecting it from damage and destruction.

    Due to ISO 14040.2 Draft: Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Guidelines, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the potential environmental aspects and potential aspects associated with a product (or service) by:

• compiling an inventory of relevant inputs and outputs,
• evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs,
• interpreting the results of the inventory and impact phases in relation to the objectives of the study.

    To simplify it, Life Cycle Assessment models the complex interaction between a product and the environment from cradle to grave. For an information, the Life Cycle Assessment is also known as Life Cycle Analysis or Eco-balance. Life Cycle Assessment is have a lot of benefits. They are quantify environmental benefits of products, provide credible evidence for marketing claims, identify opportunities to improve the environmental performance of products at various points in their life cycle, inform decision‐makers in industry, government or non‐governmental organizations and also instill life cycle thinking within businesses.

Objectives of The Study

The Sustainability Assignment is actually to teach students in how to improve the sustainability of the product. Besides, students also can learn about the definition and the important of the sustainability. To undergo the sustainability process, one of the stationary at the market has been choosing, which is Two Holes Puncher. The puncher has been redesign in shape, size, materials used and way of function to make it more sustainable.

Design

\

Comparisons in Design

Comparisons in Materials Used

*** Refer Table 4.2.1 to know the types of materials used

Material Analysis

Materials analysis is necessary to characterize and evaluate the quality and performance of materials. It supports innovation in industries such as engineering and manufacturing. Materials such as polymers, plastics, composites, metals, alloys, ceramics, paper and board have diverse properties that impact performance, therefore an understanding of your material’s properties is essential to determine if your material or product is suitable for its intended use or to rectify a failure.

Discussions

A Hole Puncher is one of the stationary that is commonly refers to the office tool. It is used to create holes in sheet paper, which is for the purpose of collecting the sheets in a binder or folder. Besides a Hole Puncher also can be refer to tools of different construction from one designed of paper. The those used are examples for the leather goods ( which generally called as a leather punch ), for cloth, for thin plastic sheeting, and also for variations of sheet metal, such as aluminum siding or metal air ducts. At the market outside, there are many kind of Holes Puncher, which are Single Hole Punch, Eyelet Punch, Multiple Holes Punch and Paper Drill. For example of Multiple Holes Puncher is Two Holes Puncher. Two Holes Puncher is choose to be used to undergo the sustainability process. The puncher chosen consists of Top Body, Bottom Body, Support Bases, Cover, Bolts and Rods. 

    In finishing the sustainability process, Two Holes Puncher has been redesign in shape, size, materials used and way of function to make it more sustainable. The Top Body of the Two Holes Puncher that has been chosen is been redesign in it shape, which is an oval hole is applied on it. Besides, the thickness of the cover is reduced from 6mm to 4.5mm. The sustainability of the product is measured by comparing the material used to make the Top Body, Bottom Body and Base Supports material, which are Carbon Steel Sheet, Annealed Stainless Steel and Stainless Steel Sheet.

    Based on the comparisons of the design of the both Two Holes Punchers, the Redesign Two Holes Puncher is better. This is because the environmental impact of the Carbon Footprint, Total Energy Consumed, Air Acidification and the Water Eutrophication for the redesign puncher are higher than the original one. For example, at the Carbon Footprint, the environmental impact of material for redesign puncher is 1.3kg CO2e while for the original puncher, the environmental impact of material is 0.688 CO2e. So, it is true that the size and the shape of the any product effect it sustainability.

    By comparing the materials used by the Two Holes Punchers, the Carbon Steel Sheet and the Annealed Stainless Steel are both the better materials compared to the Stainless Steel Sheet. The environmental impact of the Carbon Footprint, Total Energy Consumed, Air Acidification and the Water Eutrophication for the Carbon Steel Sheet and the Annealed Stainless Steel are sharing the same values, which are mostly higher compared to the Stainless Steel Sheet. Due to the results, we can know that the differences in materials of any product will effect the sustainability value of the product even though the size and the shape are same.

    Therefore, the Redesign Two Holes Puncher with the Carbon Steel Sheet or the Annealed Stainless Steel material is the recommended puncher. This is because the puncher is better in sustainability, so that it will give benefits to the environment, society and economy.

Conclusions

Sustainability is actually used to describe many different approaches toward improving our way of life. There are some views of sustainability. Sustainability means reducing our harm on environment and ultimately reversing the harm we have already caused. Besides, sustainability means renewing resources at a rate equal to or greater than the rate at which they are consumed. Furthermore, sustainability can be definition as taking the long term view of how our actions effect generations and making sure we don’t deplete resources or cause pollution at rates faster than the earth is able to renew them.

    From the result, I can analyze that the materials used, the shapes, the size will effect the sustainability of the product. Every changes make will effect the end life of the product. Besides, I can conclude that sustainability is occurring when environment, society and economy are thriving. A healthy economy is actually depending on a healthy society, while both of which rely on a healthy environment.

    There are many benefits that can be obtain from the sustainability process. First is environmental sustainability. The environmental sustainability is actually good for financial. An intelligent approach to environmental sustainability that incorporates investor demands can help future-proof investment and engagement from shareholders. Besides is the environmental sustainability is also can manage risks and increase the opportunities to growth in business , which is not just in terms of improved financial performance but also from attracting and retaining the brightest talent and increased levels of innovation. Second is sustainable society. Sustainable society is the one that can continue indefinitely. Its level of consumption reflect environmental and resources balance. It assure its citizens equality, freedom and a healthy standard living thing. The economic sustainability the ability to support a defined level of economic production indefinitely.

    So, in the nutshell, everyone should be build the sustainability style in their life encourage toward the environmental, society and the economic. Therefore, I am encourage all to emphasis in apply the sustainability in their life since there are many advantages that can help our own self.

FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM FOR POT

Objective

To prevent fire from occur at the kitchen due to the people carelessness.

Scope and Limitation

This investigatory project covers the process on how to prevent the fire from happen in the kitchen at home. For this mini project, the study is more focused on the pot. This fire prevention system is actually created for housewives. This is to make the housewives alert with the situation when they are cooking and doing the other works at the same time. For this project, buzzer will buzz when the smoke detector, MQ2 detect the smoke and continued buzzing until no more smoke is detected. Based on my study, MQ2 is actually can detect the smoke in range of 0.5 to 1 meters.

Apparatus

• Arduino UNO Board
• 16X2 LCD
• Smoke Sensor Module (MQ2)
• LED (1 yellow and 1 red)
• Buzzer
• Breadboard
• Connecting Jumper Wires

Flow Chart

System

Code

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(7,6,5,4,3,2);

int redLed = 10;

int greenLed = 12;

int buzzer = 8;

int smokeA0 = A0;

//Your threshold value

int sensor Thres = 200;

void setup()

{

    pinMode(redLed,OUTPUT);

    pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);

    pinMode(smokeA0,INPUT);

    Serial.begin(9600);

    lcd.begin(16,2);

}

void loop()

{

    int analogSensor = analogRead(smokeA0);

    Serial.print("PinA0:");

    Serial.printIn(analogSensor);

    lcd.print("Smoke Level:");

    lcd.print(analogSensor-50);

    //Checks if it has reached the threshold value

    if (analogSenso-50>sensorThres)

    {

      digitalWrite(redLed,HIGH);

      lcd.setCursor(0,2);

      lcd.print("Alert....!!!!");

      digitalWrite(12,LOW);

      tone(buzzer,1000,200);

    }

    else

    {

      digitalWrite(redLed,LOW);

      digitalWrite(12,HIGH);

      lcd.setCursor(0,2);

      lcd.print(".....Normal.....");

      noTone(buzzer);

   }

   delay(500);

   lcd.clear();

 }

Data Analysis

The LED is lighting and the buzzer is buzzing when smoke detector, MQ2 detect the smoke.

ROBOT VACUUM CLEANER

 

Introduction for Existing Product

Model          : IROVA K6L

Advantages  : 1. Twin side brushes (efficient cleaning)

                       2. Build-in anti fall sensors

                       3. Simple maintenance (all-in-one dustbin)

                       4. Washable dustbin and filter

Function      : To provide efficient cleaning in certain area

   

  

Improvement Processes

From the existing product, I did an analysis which is to improvise the product. We used Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) analysis to lower the production costs per unit, shorter the assembly time, increase the reliability and shorter time to market.

To improvise the product, we removed the battery connector and reduced used of  screws from 40 units to 38 units. This improvement have been done by doing snap fit for certain parts.

Analysis

Assembly Time

before improvement

after improvement

The assembly time is faster 16.65 seconds after the modification.

Assembly Cost

before improvement

after improvement

The assembly cost reduced RM3.72 after the improvement.

Design Efficiency

before improvement

after improvement

Conclusion

• Improvement succeed
• Some suggestions to improve the design efficiency are;
• Redesign more parts
• Used proper measuring tools when measure the dimension of the product            

Electric Bug Zapper

Introduction of Electric Bug Zapper

• More formally known as an electric insect-control system or electrical-discharge insect-control system.
• A device that attracts and kills flying insects that are attracted by light.
• Works by attracting bugs and insects to the violet and ultra-violet light emitted by the lamp and then electrocutes them.
• Major parts in a bug zapper: Housing, UV/ Fluorescent Light Source, Wire Gauze and Transformer.

Problem Statements

Original Design for This Project

For my case, I studied on the bug zappers that have been used at MAMAK's restaurants or any food stalls. So, here are a few problems that have been detected:

•  Bug Zapper on the table will consume space
• The food on the table might contaminated
• But most of the bug zappers that we can see at the MAMAK's restaurants were installed far from the critical zone (such as under the table)

Objective

The objective of this project is to make users life easier which is by making the Electric Bug Zapper more efficient, which are by

• saving the space of the table
• preventing diseases

Criteria Tree

Product Decompositions for Original Product

Product Specifications

Establishing specification takes on traditional importance and is substantially more challenging when developing a highly complex product consisting of multiple sub-system designed by multiple development teams. After getting the whole picture what our product supposed to have, the product specification will be included all this.

Product Comparisons

Concept Generation

The concept generation is based on the customer needs and target product specification. It is a synthesis process based on the analysis done to date. In this chapter, idea is generated and represented in a rough sketch or with some small explanations written down on the sketch to describe the function of the feature and part represented. This can make the people more understanding what the idea about.

First Design Concept

Advantages

• High aesthetic value
• Have hanger to clamp at the edge of table
• Have trapper to cover bugs’ dead bodies
• Have trapper to fill mosquito attractant

Disadvantages

• Hard to clean
• Consume storage space
• Not all the table are suitable to clamp
• Trapper is small

Second Design Concept

Advantages

• Easy to store and clean
• Safe to use
• Have trapper to fill mosquito attractant
• Have trapper to cover bugs’ dead bodies
• Have hanger to clamp at the edge of table

Disadvantages

• Not all the table are suitable to clamp

Third Design Concept

Advantages

• Easy to store
• The bugs and mosquitoes dead bodies are covered
• Safe to use

Disadvantages

• No table clamp/hanger to clamp at the edge of the table
• Hard to clean the interior part
• No specific container to collect bugs and mosquitoes dead bodies
• Consume table space

Design Concept Selection

Concept selection is the process of evaluating concepts with the respect to customer needs and other criteria, comparing the relative strengths and weakness of the concepts, and selecting one or more concepts for further investigation, testing or development. Individual concepts were put together and proposed in the concepts selection. The features of these concepts were presented. All the concepts features of each of the designs, their strengths and weaknesses are analyzed. Pugh Method Screening and Weightage Scoring Method are used to analyze and evaluate the concepts in order to select the most suitable design of the bug zapper. These methods are playing an important role to simplify the scope into final concept. From the methods, the best concept is able to choose through the process. At this stage, a meticulous comparison for each engineering parameter and the importance of criteria selection will be focus on.

Concept Screening (Pugh Method)

Concept Scoring (Weightage Method)

Concept scoring is a concept of marking the score on each concept designs. The result is based on the weighted score by using formula as below:

S_j = Σ_i=1 r_ijw_i

Where

r_ij = raw rating of concept j for the i th criterion

w_i = weighting for the i th criterion

n = number of criterion

S_j = total score for concept j

Final Concept

 Final Design Specification and Features

Part / Feature	Detail	Engineering Parameter
Hanger cover	Function: -        To hang the Electric Bug Zapper at the end of table.	Material : ABS Height : 50 mm Length : 125 mm Thickness : 1 mm
Trapper	Function: -        To gather the remains of bugs killed. -        To fill attractant for mosquitoes	Material : ABS Height : 6.7 mm Length : 125 mm Thickness : 3.0 mm
Housing	Function: -        To cover the electrical components.	Material : ABS Height : 136mm Length : 82 mm Thickness : 2mm
Filter	Function: -        To avoid bugs from escaping from the zapper.	Material : ABS Height : 15.8 mm Length : 80 mm Thickness : 1mm
Tenon-Mortise joint	Function: -        Work as the joint	Material : ABS Height : 3.4 mm Diameter : 3.0 mm

Snap-fit Calculation

Advantages, Disadvantages and Design Limitations

Description

• Has hanger to hang the bug zapper at the edge of the table for space saving
• Geometric cubic housing for modern aesthetics and easy for storage purpose
• Has half diamond-shaped filter to prevent the bugs from escaping
• Has non-transparent trapper to trap and hide the bugs’ dead bodies
• Has adjustable hanger so that the hanger can fit perfectly at any types of table
• Can be used for both light-attracted bugs and mosquitoes (mosquito does not attracted by light but attractant).

Advantages

• Hygienic
• Safe to use
• Can be used for both bugs and mosquitoes
• Easy to store and clean

 Disadvantages

• Need refill the mosquito attractant from time to time
• Need remove the bugs’ dead bodies manually by removing the trapper

Design Modelling

Parts and Detail Drawing

Before going to the 3D printing, the part of each of the components was drawn with aids of CatiaV5. There are seven parts were drawn and their details information was labeled with respect to their tolerance calculated. Below are the example of calculation for tolerance analysis:

DIM	+ve	-ve	Tolerance
Dim1	136		0.1
Dim2		20.5	0.05
Dim3		113	0.05
Dim4		18	0.05
Dim5		15	0.05
Dim6		2.7	0.05
Total	136	134.5	0.35

The gap distance between AB:

The minimum distance = (136-134.5) – 0.35 = 1.15mm

The maximum distance = (136-134.5) + 0.35 = 1.85mm

Model/ Mockup Fabrication

The drafting were saved in .stl mode and printed out with using the 3D printing machine. There were some problem within the modelling process, which that not each parts of the project was printed due to the limited time and machinery problem. Finally, only three main parts was successfully printed and one part was fabricated by using the custom cut acrylic sheet.

 Filter

The filter was fabricated by using the custom cut acrylic sheet. First, the acrylic sheet was labeled properly. Secondly, cut-off the shape with knife. Then, glued to form shape with hot glue. Finally, the filter was done!

Housing frame

The housing frame was fabricated with 3D printing machine. When it was done printing, there was

some surplus attach on the product. Thus, with aids of art-use-scissors, the surplus was cut-off and finished with sand paper. Below was the process of finishing:

 Cover

The cover was fabricated with 3D printing machine. When it was done printing, there was some surplus attach on the product as shown in Figure 5.3(C). Thus, with aids of art-use-scissors and knife, the surplus was cut-off and rub with sand paper to make it smooth. Below was the process of finishing:

Trapper

The trapper was fabricated with 3D printing machine. The project was rubbed with sand paper to make it smooth. Below was the process of finishing:

Assembly of the parts:

The figure above shows the assembly process of the bug zapper. First, install the filter into the trapper. Second, install the housing frame onto the trapper. Third, install the electronic components or as known as the transformer onto the housing frame. Then, cover the housing frame with the cover. Thus, the assembly done!

Sustainability Analysis

The material used to make the product was take into consideration and checked its sustainability with the aids of Solidworks2014. There were two material used to conduct this analysis, which were Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and PP Copolymer.

 PP Copolymer made bug zapper.

Figure 12 shows that the redesigned bug zapper was generated its sustainability with using the Solidwork2014. There was some basic information was given, which that the product was exported from Asia to North America and the exportation required a shipping distance of 1.24x10⁴km. Also, its recycle rate was only 15%. However, the weight for the product was 100.79g, which is lighter than the usual bug zapper.

The result in Figure 13 shows that the water eutrophication was 2.8x10^-4 kg PO₄, air acidification was 3.6x10^-3 kg SO₂, carbon footprint was 0.489 kg CO₂ and the total energy consumed by the product was 9.9MJ.

ABS made bug zapper

Figure 14 shows that the redesigned bug zapper was generated its sustainability with using the Solidwork2014. There was some basic information was given, which that the product was exported from Asia to North America and the exportation required a shipping distance of 1.24x10⁴km. Also, its recycle rate was only 15%. However, the weight for the product was 115.51g.

           Figure 15 shows that the water eutrophication was 4.3x10^-4 kg PO₄, air acidification was 4.5x10^-3 kg SO₂, carbon footprint was 0.747 kg CO₂ and the total energy consumed by the product was 13MJ.

Comparisons

Material	Environmental impact
	Carbon Footprint (Kg CO2)	Water Eutrophication (Kg PO4)	Air Acidification (Kg SO2)	Total Energy Consumed (MJ)	Total	Percentage (%)
ABS	0.747	4.3x10-4	4.5x10-3	13	13.8	57.02
PP Copolymer	0.489	2.8x10-4	3.6x10-3	9.9	10.4	42.98
Total					24.2	100

Table 6.2.1: The environmental impact comparison.

        From Figure 16 and Figure 17, the comparison result shows that the PP Copolymer made bug zapper was much better than an ABS made bug zapper in terms of the material, manufacturing, use, end of life and the transportation factors. This mean, a PP Copolymer made bug zapper cause less environmental pollution when compare to the ABS made bug zapper. This happen because the PP Copolymer are much easier to manufacture and beside it is much recyclable. PP Copolymer tends to have better stress crack resistance and low temperature toughness than homo-polymer at the expense of quite small reductions in other properties. The result of the product could be referred to Table below.

Material Analysis for ABS and PP Copolymer

Storage in life cycle	Sustainability strategy	ABS	PP Copolymer
Stage 1: Extraction and Manufacturing	Embodied energy	Own relatively high embodied energy per unit volume is needed to extract material. Low processing energy to moulded material once extracted.	Own relatively low embodied energy per unit volume is needed to extract material as compare to other plastics. Higher processing energy to moulded material once extracted.
Stage 2： Product Use	Aesthetics and durability	Excellent aesthetic properties and easy to paint and glue. Durable, good strength and stiffness, good fabricating and machining properties and process low heat conductivity.	Attractive and aesthetically appealing, excellent strength, toughness and flexibility over a wide range of temperatures. Excellent impact strength resistance and good elasticity.
Stage 3： End of life	Disassemble and Recyclability	Machines with ease, low coefficient of friction, corrosion and abrasion resistant, good chemical resistance and can be recycle	Recyclable. PP Copolymer tends to have better stress crack resistance and low temperature toughness than homo-polymer at the expense of quite small reductions in other properties.

As a result, ABS was not the suitable material use to make the bug zapper especially it was not as recyclable as the PP Copolymer due to it physical and mechanical properties that causing it to be not that easy to melt or degrade. Also, an ABS material usually applied in making shell for electronic component due to its high resistance and high melting point. When comes to making the bug zapper, there was only a very small area will contact with those electronic component such as the transformer. In addition, the bug zapper made with PP Copolymer have better performance because it required low embodied energy per unit volume to extract material, meaning that the PP Copolymer are suitable to manufacture and form shape. Plus, it required lower energy and consume less time to degrade. PP Copolymer tends to have better stress crack resistance and low temperature toughness than homo-polymer at the expense of quite small reductions in other properties. Therefore, the PP Copolymer made bug zapper are much environmental friendly and it reached the sustainability goals.

Economic Analysis

Bill of Materials

Part / Feature	Material	Quantity	Price per Unit ($)	Total Amount ($)
Hanger	ABS	1	0.50	0.50
Trapper	ABS	1	1.00	1.00
Housing frame	ABS	1	2.50	2.50
Filter	ABS	1	1.00	1.00
Connector	ABS	2	0.20	0.40
Wire Gauze	Stainless Steel	1	1.00	1.00
Ultraviolet Light	Borosilicate glass	1	2.50	2.50
Tenon-Mortise joint	Stainless steel	12	0.10	1.2
Transformer	Silicon steel	1	3.00	3.00
Cable (1m)	Conductor: Copper PVC	1	1.50	1.50
Plug	ABS	1	0.50	0.50
Total		23	13.80	15.1

Variable Cost to Produce 1 Unit of The Product

Fixed Cost

Return of Investment

Product Warranty

Product Quality Dimension

Performance

For the Electric Bug Zapper, the performance of the new design was being compared with the original design based in the current market. A 100% Safe Electric Bug Zapper, no chemicals or potentially harmful sprays to human were embedded in the product. With a size of 81mm x 52mm x 12.8 mm, a single high intensity LED UV bulb, a power voltage of 110V AC, 50 Hz and average power consumption of 2.5 W,  the bug zapper is perfect for taking along during travel due to the compact size.

Durability

The Electric Bug Zapper was designed by using ABS and PP plastics, the zapper have high endurance even when it falls to the ground. Using an adapter as power source, the zapper can lasts for 4 hours in use without overheating. When the zapper is in operation, the amount of noise is reduced compare to other bug zapper.

Reliability

The Bug Zapper offers a good after sales service, a 1-year warranty was provided for this product and the damage done within those period are claimable. Featuring a bright LED UV bulb that attract mosquito then make contact with an extremely powerful high voltage electrically charged metal grid, instantly killing them.

Conformance

Electric Bug Zapper committed to comply with the standards imposed by the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, which restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical equipment. It is also complies with the standards imposed by the Conformance European (CE), a division of the Interfek group.

Aesthetics

The Electric Bug Zapper is equipped with a trapper that is designed to keep dead mosquitoes and other insects collected inside the unit, which can then be easily removed for cleaning and bug disposal by gently shaking them. Available in the colour black, the bug zapper appears to look modern and simple and is easy to carry and use. Just clamp the device onto any table and it’s good to go. The effective coverage is about 20 square meters.

Perceived Quality

Electric Bug Zapper is powerful but quiet with PCB design which proves that the product eco-friendly. There is no harmful radiation, non-toxic quiet and safe to humans and pets. The product is recommended for outdoor use, particularly at restaurants that have outdoor dining tables. It also have low power consumption when it is in active-off mode. Due to electric shock danger, the users were advised not to touch the high voltage grids when in use and keep it away from children.

Product Warranties of Electrical Bug Zapper

Future Recommendations and Improvements

For the designed Electric Bug Zapper, there are still a few improvements that can be made for future uses. One is to install a larger trapper for the biting insects to be kept. By increasing the size of the trapper, this will reduce the frequency on how many times it takes for user to empty the trapper. Another idea for future improvement is to add a fan to aid the dead biting insects to fall down into the trapper. The added fan will suck down the dead insects that were stuck on the wire grid. By adding a fan to the design, there will be less dead biting insects stuck on the wire grid, thus increasing the efficiency of killing them.

    Apart from that, the current design for the Electric Bug Zapper are not foldable. This can become an idea for an improvement. By making the zapper become foldable, it will not consume much space in the suitcase when carrying them around during travel. When changing the zapper to be able to fold, it must come with a customized case to keep the parts safe when packing them in the suitcase, thus making the use of the zapper a lot easier for users.

    Another improvement that can implemented for future design is to make the design of Electric Bug Zapper easy to assemble and disassemble. This idea can be done by adding more snap-fits into the design itself. For example, the casing and the trapper can be assemble and disassemble easily when snap-fit is used to bind them together.

Conclusion

Bug zapper, those sizzling glowing fixtures in many restaurants, kill billions of insect every year, but still biting insects are lingering around us to some point that it became annoying. Based on a research done by Dr Douglas W. Tallamy, an entomologist in Newark, out of 13,789 dead bugs caught by the zapper, only 31 were biting flies. Nearly all the neighborhoods’ biting flies remained on the wing to torment the zapper’s owners. By redesigning the bug zapper, the number of biting flies can be increased by simply placing the zapper near the user. In order to design a more efficient bug zapper compared to the ones in the market, many procedures were done. Some of them were problem identification, concept generation and selection of the new design, design modelling and FMEA.

    Based on the findings, a few ideas were found. As the current design consumed space when placed on the table, the new designed zapper’s position were a crucial point, and as a result, the new designed bug zapper will be placed beside a table, clamped. By doing this, the zapper can kill more biting flies in the hidden areas such as under the table. An addition to that, the bug zapper also implemented a mosquito attractant that mimics the human breathe to increase the number of dead biting insects. Apart from that, a filter that prevent the trapped insects in the zapper from coming out again was also added in the new design bug zapper.

    While the current bug zapper do work, it was not nearly well enough to make them worthwhile if the number of dead biting insects were still significant. By improving the design and its function, the number of dead biting insects might increases, thus making the user felt free without having to worry about these annoying insects biting them while enjoying their meal.